Sunday, April 5, 2015

Articles and Links


Articles and Links:


An investigation by M. Farroq, 2012 to determine the impact of education and going
 to school on income in Pakistan.  The study investigated the impact of education and 
schooling on inequality of income in Pakistan.  The researcher applied the Gini-Coefficient
technique to calculate the income inequality in Pakistan using data from Pakistan Social and 
Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) Survey of 2004-05 of the Federal Bureau of Statistics 
Islamabad. The results show that the distribution of income between male and female labor force 

was found to be unequal. The inequality was higher in males as compared to females.
The value of the Gini-Coefficient for rural and urban areas showed more inequality in urban 
areas than in rural ones  (0.341) as compared to rural areas (0.261) (Farooq, 2012).  The 
value of the Gini-Coefficient for the whole of Pakistan remained (0.301) (Farooq, 2012). The 
results of the study indicated that education and schooling does affect the distribution of 
income in Pakistan.  People with more education are favored over those who are not 
educated. The results suggested that there should not be any discrimination between
males and females in the area of an equal opportunity to receive an education (Farooq,2012).
When the economic growth and development is viewed in a multi- dimensional
 the distribution of income becomes of high importance on both the individual and 
the entire economy of Pakistan. For more information on the rights of girls to an education 
in Pakistan read the article, Malala: Everyone’s Daughter in the Fight for a Girl’s Education at 
:
sid=18409865-a8ee-46f3-9712-2c24f787476a%40sessionmgr4001&vid=0&hid=4111&

bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpd\mUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=rgm&AN=85018438 In the article,

"Does the Human Capital of  using "Human Capital Discourse" as a plan for providing free 
education for all children in Rhwana. Promote or Hinder the Right to an Educatoin?"  The country
allows attention and resources to education for all children in that country. The downside of  the 
situation is that  traditions and lack of personal funds of the poor citizens  of  Rhwanda resulted in a 
lack of funds for clothes and school supplies needed for their children to go to school. 
Otherwise,education was considered free. The government also required a small fee from 
parents who wanted to send their kids to school. "Human Capital Discourse"  led to  
discrimination against girls, orphans, and children with disabilities. Humanitarian funds have been
bountiful, but not enough to repair the damage after a devastating war.  Healthy boys are being 
chosen among poor parents who could not afford to send more than one child to school due to 
cultural expectations of the country. Because resources were short among parents of these children, 
many poor parents had to make a choice as to which one of their children was going to get an 
education. For more information on this article about "Human Capital Discourse:go to:

http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=380df5a4-e237-4345-a7f6-


An investigation by M. Farroq, 2012 to determine the impact of education and going
 to school on income in Pakistan.  The study investigated the impact of education and 
schooling on inequality of income in Pakistan.  The researcher applied the Gini-Coefficient
technique to calculate the income inequality in Pakistan using data from Pakistan Social and 
Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) Survey of 2004-05 of the Federal Bureau of Statistics 
Islamabad. The results show that the distribution of income between male and female labor force 

was found to be unequal. The inequality was higher in males as compared to females.
The value of the Gini-Coefficient for rural and urban areas showed more inequality in urban 
areas than in rural ones  (0.341) as compared to rural areas (0.261) (Farooq, 2012).  The 
value of the Gini-Coefficient for the whole of Pakistan remained (0.301) (Farooq, 2012). The 
results of the study indicated that education and schooling does affect the distribution of 
income in Pakistan.  People with more education are favored over those who are not 
educated. The results suggested that there should not be any discrimination between
males and females in the area of an equal opportunity to receive an education (Farooq,2012).
When the economic growth and development is viewed in a multi- dimensional

, the distribution of income becomes of high importance on both the individual and 

the entire economy of Pakistan. For more information on the rights of girls to an education 

in Pakistan read the article, Malala: Everyone’s Daughter in the Fight for Girl’s Education at 
:
sid=18409865-a8ee-46f3-9712-2c24f787476a%40sessionmgr4001&vid=0&hid=4111&

bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpd\mUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=rgm&AN=85018438

         This article will provide more information about girls such as one young advocate for rights to an education in Pakistan called Malala Yousafzai. She is a just 17 years old now and has made a major contribution as a young diplomat/activist for the education of girls in Pakistan as well as the rest of the world,  She became an activist at the age of eleven against the culture of her home country of Pakistan.  Malala spoke with President Obama speaking out to him against the use of drones during wartime to fight in her home country of Pakistan.  In her home country of Pakistan there is much violence.  She defied the fear to speak out against girls being denied an education in Pakistan knowing that she could lose her life by doing so.
Malala has shown extraordinary courage and inspires hope to the globe. People must wonder, how
 much can one  teenager do to change the policy of many countries who deny girls and women the
 same rights as  boys and men due to their cultural beliefs?  At age fourteen, an extremist group 
alled  the Taliban attempted to take her life by shooting her in the head while a school bus.  Malala almost died from her wounds to her head, but the determination of this young girl caught the attention and praise of many people in the world. She now fears going back to Pakistan where she would most surely be killed by the militants who tried to take her life before, so she now studies in England. Her story as an activist who is willing to stand up against the political policies of her home country of Pakistan by attending a school for girls and encouraging other girls to stand up for their right to get an education which was against the government policy has inspired and made her extremely admired by many people. By standing up for her right to an education and the education of all girls, she woke up the world to the plight of girls who are not given an equal education to that of males in their country. Malala has the perseverance of an unrelenting adult who is inspired to fight for the rights of females around the world. In her fight, she has caught the attention of the world on the denial of girls to get an education in every country. She decided at a young age that she was not going to wear a female traditional clothing of the Muslim culture.  She felt that it took away her freedom.  She is now at the center of an international advocacy operation for girls’ education that is involved with a nonprofit
  organization, has written two best-selling books, and she is active as an advocate for girl’s education from Pakistan to Kenya. Malala became the youngest winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for her fearless stand against countries denying girls and women an education that is equal to the males in their country. She believes girls deserve the right to be have the same opportunities as boys and men and should have the right to take any role in society that they choose. Many girls are considered second rate to males in their country, but we need more advocates for education like Malala to be willing to fight for what they believe in. The world needs to know that girls are just as brilliant as boys and able to be leaders in their country and around the world (Brown, 2014, Piedmont, 2014 ).
 Their dream careers may never come true because of unjust laws and rules in their countries.
          One of the major obstacles to the achievement of universal basic education, especially in most
  of the developing nations is the high prevalence of gender inequality in educational access, completion and performance rates. The dream for universal basic education or Education for All (EFA) by 2015 is clearly stated and internationally acclaimed in the United Nations Development Goals (MDG). Several international conventions such as UN Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), the Convention on the Rights of the Education for All (EFA) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), See http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml  for reports, statements and  statistics on the United Nations's Millennium Development Goals.  The U.N. desites  to attain gender equality in education. All of their plans  are dedicated to the principle of equality of education particularly for the enhancement of access to and completion of educational goals (Stromquist, 2005). Many countries are striving to meet the goal of gender equality in education, but major obstacles still 
lie in the way. Violent situations due to war in countries such as  Iraq and Pakistan, low incomes among the poor, cultural expectations for girls, and social roles in society are major and complex obstacles that stand in the way of full gender equality right now. For more information on the goals of the United Nations and how you can help to promote gender equality in education, you can go to http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/themes/gender-equality/  to find out more about how gender equality if one of  Unesco's  (United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization). top two priorities for world change. 

           





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